What Is an Ethernet Cable? Types, Categories and Speeds
An Ethernet cable, also called a network cable or LAN cable, is a copper cable with four twisted pairs of wires and RJ45 connectors that carries data between computers, switches, routers, cameras and access points. It is the most common way to make a fast, stable wired network connection.
What does an Ethernet cable do?
It carries Ethernet data signals, and with Power over Ethernet (PoE) it can also power devices such as IP cameras, phones and Wi-Fi access points. Twisting each pair cancels interference, so the cable can run up to 100 m between devices.
Ethernet cable categories and speeds
| Category | Bandwidth | Typical speed | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cat5e | 100 MHz | 1 Gbit/s (2.5G) | 100 m |
| Cat6 | 250 MHz | 1 Gbit/s (10G to ~55 m) | 100 m |
| Cat6A | 500 MHz | 10 Gbit/s | 100 m |
| Cat7 | 600 MHz | 10 Gbit/s | 100 m |
| Cat8 | 2000 MHz | 25 / 40 Gbit/s | 30 m |
For a detailed comparison see Cat5e vs Cat6 vs Cat6A and Cat6 vs Cat7 vs Cat8.
Types of Ethernet cable
- Solid vs stranded: solid-conductor cable on reels is for permanent installation; stranded patch cords are flexible leads for the rack and desk.
- Unshielded vs screened: U/UTP has no screen; F/UTP, U/FTP and S/FTP add foil or braid screens for noisy environments.
- Indoor vs outdoor: PVC and LSZH jackets for indoors, PE jackets for outdoor and duct routes.
- Round vs flat: flat cable is easier to hide along walls and under carpets.
Ethernet cable vs LAN cable
They are the same thing. “LAN cable”, “network cable”, “internet cable” and “Ethernet cord” all describe twisted-pair copper cable with RJ45 connectors.
Standards
Ethernet cabling is specified by TIA-568 in North America and ISO/IEC 11801 internationally, which set the categories (or classes), the 100 m channel and the test limits.
Does an Ethernet cable affect Wi-Fi speed?
Not directly, but a wired connection avoids Wi-Fi congestion, and access points need a good Ethernet uplink: 2.5, 5 or 10 Gbit/s for Wi-Fi 6E and 7, which calls for Cat6A.
Where to buy Ethernet cable
For single patch leads, any electronics retailer will do. For installation projects, buy solid-conductor cable on 305 m reels with datasheets, in the category, screening and jacket the specification calls for. TMT Global supplies Ethernet and network cables from Cat5e to Cat8 for projects, with matching patch cords and connectivity. The network cable selection guide helps you choose.